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Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets
In this study, we infected pregnant first parity gilts in their first, second and third trimesters of gestation with PEDV to determine the impact of stage of gestation on generation of maternal B-cell immunity, the gut-MG-sIgA axis and lactogenic immune protection in PEDV challenged piglets. Our goal was to identify innate and adaptive immune factors during pregnancy that influence lymphocyte trafficking, in addition to immune correlates of lactogenic immune protection in neonatal suckling piglets. Understanding the impact of stage of gestation at PEDV infection or exposure on maternal immunity will allow more precise mate...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Altered cerebrovascular regulation in low birthweight swine
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2022 Feb 10:111163. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111163. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFull-term low birthweight (LBW) offspring exhibit peripheral vascular dysfunction in the postnatal period; however, whether such impairments extend to the cerebrovasculature remains to be elucidated. We used a swine model to test the hypothesis that LBW offspring would exhibit cerebrovascular dysfunction at later stages of life. Offspring from 14 sows were identified as normal birthweight (NBW) or LBW and were assessed at 28 (similar to end of infancy) and 56 (similar to childhood) days of age. LBW ...
Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative physiology. - February 13, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Jude S Morton Breanna Patton Cameron J Morse Zeyad El Karsh Lucas A Rodrigues Darrell D Mousseau David P Ferguson Daniel A Columbus Lynn P Weber T Dylan Olver Source Type: research

Sodium butyrate reduce ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions by regulating bacterial community balance in swine cecal content in vitro
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Sep 24;226:112827. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112827. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTReducing the production of odor during swine breeding has attracted attention. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contributed to the odor emissions from swine breeding because NH3 emissions are high and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has a low odor threshold. Sodium butyrate reduces the odor emissions caused by NH3 and H2S, but the corresponding mechanism is unclear. After mixing the feces of six fattening pigs, the mixture was used to process in vitro fermentation experiment. The purpose was researching the effec...
Source: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - September 27, 2021 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Jiaojiao Xu Gaomiao Xie Xinhua Li Xin Wen Zhen Cao Baohua Ma Yongde Zou Na Zhang Jiandui Mi Yan Wang Xindi Liao Yinbao Wu Source Type: research

Intradermal immunization with inactivated swine influenza virus and adjuvant polydi(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene (PCEP) induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity and reduced lung viral titres in pigs.
In this study we examined the magnitude and type of immune response induced in pigs vaccinated via the intramuscular or intradermal routes with inactivated swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 vaccine formulated with PCEP. Intradermal administration of PCEP-adjuvanted inactivated SIV vaccine stimulated significant anti-SIV antibody titres, increased neutralizing antibodies, and significantly reduced lung virus load with limited reduction of gross lung lesions after challenge with virulent H1N1 relative to control animals. These results indicate that PCEP may be effective as a vaccine adjuvant against swine influenza viruses in...
Source: Vaccine - February 14, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Magiri R, Lai K, Chaffey A, Zhou Y, Pyo HM, Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Mutwiri G Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

Valproic acid decreases brain lesion size and improves neurologic recovery in swine subjected to traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and polytrauma
CONCLUSIONS: In swine subjected to TBI, hemorrhagic shock, and polytrauma, VPA treatment is safe, decreases brain lesion size, and reduces neurologic injury compared to resuscitation with ISCS alone. These benefits are achieved at clinically translatable serum concentrations of VPA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic (preclinical study).
Source: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care - November 21, 2017 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: WTA 2017 Plenary Papers Source Type: research

Interaction of swine organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a2 with tetracycline, macrolide and β-lactam antibiotics.
Abstract Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (human OATPs; animals Oatps; gene symbol SLCO/Slco) are integral membrane proteins that mediate the sodium-independent transport of a wide range of endogenous compounds as well as many xenobiotics. Antibiotics, antidiabetic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungals, antivirals, antihistamines, antihypertensives, fibrates, statins, cardiac glycosides, immunosuppressants, and anticancer drugs are among the substrates transported by OATPs. Because of the broad substrate specificity, wide tissue distribution and the involvement of drug-drug interaction, human OATPs ha...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 5, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lin X, Xiang Z, Wang B, Chen H, Zhou T, Hong M Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Efficacy of oral administration of sodium thiosulfate in a large, swine model of oral cyanide toxicity
CONCLUSION: Oral administration of sodium thiosulfate improved survival, blood pressure, respirations, and blood lactate concentrations in a large animal model of acute oral cyanide toxicity.PMID:33821433 | DOI:10.1007/s13181-021-00836-5
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - April 6, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Patrick C Ng Tara B Hendry-Hofer Matthew Brenner Sari B Mahon Gerry R Boss Joseph K Maddry Vikhyat S Bebarta Source Type: research

Heterotrophic nitrification and related functional gene expression characteristics of Alcaligenes faecalis SDU20 with the potential use in swine wastewater treatment
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2021 May 12. doi: 10.1007/s00449-021-02581-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA new heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium was isolated from the compost of swine manure and rice husk and identified as Alcaligenes faecalis SDU20. Strain SDU20 had heterotrophic nitrification potential and could remove 99.7% of the initial NH4+-N. Nitrogen balance analysis revealed that 15.9 and 12.3% of the NH4+-N were converted into biological nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively. The remaining 71.44% could be converted into N2 or N2O. Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal conditions for ammonium removal...
Source: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - May 12, 2021 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Lifei Chen Linxu Chen Deng Pan Huibin Lin Yilin Ren Juan Zhang Bo Zhou Jianqun Lin Jianqiang Lin Source Type: research

Sodium phenylbutyrate abrogates African swine fever virus replication by disrupting the virus-induced hypoacetylation status of histone H3K9/K14.
Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal disease in swine for which neither a vaccine nor treatment are available. Recently, a new class of drugs that inhibit histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) has received an increasing interest as antiviral agents. Considering studies by others showing that valproic acid, an HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), blocks the replication of enveloped viruses and that ASFV regulates the epigenetic status of the host cell by promoting heterochromatinization and recruitment of class I HDACs to viral cytoplasmic factories, the antiviral activity of four HDACi against ASFV w...
Source: Virus Research - September 12, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Frouco G, Freitas FB, Martins C, Ferreira F Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

A swine model of intracellular cerebral edema – Cerebral physiology and intracranial compliance
We describe a swine model of water intoxication and its cerebral histological and physiological sequela. We studied female swine weighing 35–45 kg. Four serum sodium intervals were designated: baseline, mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia attained by infusing hypotonic saline. Intracranial fluid injections were performed to assess intracranial compliance. At baseline and following water intoxication wedge biopsy was obtained for pathological examination and electron microscopy. We studied 8 swine and found an increase in ICP that was strongly related to the decrease in serum sodium level. Mean ICP rose from a basel...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - October 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Efficacy of Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin for Treatment of Sodium Methanethiolate Exposure in a Swine Model (Sus scrofa) of Severe Methanethiol Toxicity.
CONCLUSIONS: In our model of intravenous methanethiolate poisoning, IV HOC administration resulted in a transient improvement in vital signs and prolonged time to death; however, it did not improve survival. PMID: 32239422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - March 31, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Maddry JK, Paredes RM, Rebeles J, Olson G, Castaneda M, Canellis K, Ng PC, Bebarta VS Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research